Escenario comercial: ¿Qué sucede si opera con solo $100?
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¿Qué sucede si abre una cuenta comercial con solo $100 ?
¿O 100€ ? ¿O 100 libras ?
Dado que el comercio de margen le permite abrir operaciones con sólo una pequeña cantidad de dinero, ciertamente es posible comenzar a operar en Forex con un depósito de $100.
¿Pero deberías hacerlo?
Veamos qué puede pasar si lo haces.
En este escenario comercial, su corredor minorista de divisas tiene un nivel de llamada de margen del 100% y un nivel de parada del 20% .
Ahora que sabemos cuáles son los niveles de llamada de margen y de parada, averigüemos si es factible operar con $100.
Si no ha leído nuestras lecciones sobre niveles de llamada de margen y niveles de parada, haga una pausa en esta lección y comience aquí primero.
Paso 1: Deposite fondos en la cuenta comercial
Como eres un jugador importante, depositas $100 en tu cuenta de operaciones.
Ahora tiene un saldo de cuenta de $100.
Así es como se vería en su cuenta comercial:
| Largo corto | Par de divisas | Tamaño de posición | Precio de entrada | Precio actual | Nivel de margen | Equidad | Margen usado | Margen libre | Balance | P/L flotante |
| – | $100 | – | $100 | $100 | – |
Paso 2: Calcule el margen requerido
Quiere vender EUR/USD a 1,20000 y abrir una posición de 5 microlotes (1.000 unidades x 5). El requisito de margen es del 1% .
¿Cuánto margen (“ Margen requerido ”) necesitará para abrir la posición?
Dado que nuestra cuenta comercial está denominada en USD, necesitamos convertir el valor del EUR a USD para determinar el valor nocional de la operación.
1€ = 1,20$ 1.000€ x 5 microlotes = 5.000€ 5.000€ = 6.000$
El valor nominal es $6.000 .
Ahora podemos calcular el margen requerido :
Margen requerido = valor nocional x requisito de margen $60 = $6000 x 0,01
Suponiendo que su cuenta de operaciones esté denominada en USD, ya que el margen requerido es del 1% , el margen requerido será de $60 .
Paso 3: Calcular el margen utilizado
Aside from the trade we just entered, there aren’t any other trades open.
Since we just have a SINGLE position open, the Used Margin will be the same as Required Margin.
Step 4: Calculate Equity
Let’s assume that the price has moved slightly in your favor and your position is now trading at breakeven.
This means that your Floating P/L is $0.
Let’s calculate your Equity:
Equity = Balance + Floating Profits (or Losses) $100 = $100 + $0
The Equity in your account is now $100.
Step 5: Calculate Free Margin
Now that we know the Equity, we can now calculate the Free Margin:
Free Margin = Equity - Used Margin $40 = $100 - $60
Step 6: Calculate Margin Level
Now that we know the Equity, we can now calculate the Margin Level:
Margin Level = (Equity / Used Margin) x 100% 167% = ($100 / 60) x 100%
The Margin Level is 167%.At this point, this is how your account metrics would look in your trading platform:
| Long / Short | FX Pair | Position Size | Entry Price | Current Price | Margin Level | Equity | Used Margin | Free Margin | Balance | Floating P/L |
| – | $100 | – | – | $100 | – | |||||
| Short | EUR/USD | 6,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20000 | 167% | $100 | $60 | $40 | $100 | $0 |
EUR/USD rises 80 pips!
EUR/USD rises 80 pips and is now trading at 1.2080. Let’s see how your account is affected.
Used Margin
You’ll notice that the Used Margin has changed.
Because the exchange rate has changed, the Notional Value of the position has changed.
This requires recalculating the Required Margin.
Whenever there’s a change in the price for EUR/USD, the Required Margin changes!
With EUR/USD now trading at 1.20800 (instead of 1.20000), let’s see how much Required Margin is needed to keep the position open.
Since our trading account is denominated in USD, we need to convert the value of the EUR to USD to determine the Notional Value of the trade.
€1 = $1.2080 €1,000 x 5 micro lots = €5,000 €5,000 = $6,040
The Notional Value is $6,040.Previously, the Notional Value was $6,000. Since EUR/USD has risen, this means that EUR has strengthened. And since your account is denominated in USD, this causes the position’s Notional Value to increase.
Now we can calculate the Required Margin:
Required Margin = Notional Value x Margin Requirement $60.40 = $6,040 x .01
Notice that because the Notional Value has increased, so has the Required Margin.
Since the Margin Requirement is 1%, the Required Margin will be $60.40.
Previously, the Required Margin was $60.00 (when EUR/USD was trading at 1.20000).
The Used Margin is updated to reflect changes in Required Margin for every position open.
In this example, since you only have one position open, the Used Margin will be equal to the new Required Margin.
Floating P/L
EUR/USD has risen from 1.20000 to 1.2080, a difference of 80 pips.
Since you’re trading micro lots, a 1 pip move equals $0.10 per micro lot.
Your position is 5 micro lots, a 1 pip move equals $0.50.
Since you’re short EUR/USD, this means that you have a Floating Loss of $40.
Floating P/L = (Current Price - Entry Price) x 10,000 x $X/pip $40 = (1.2080 - 1.20000) x 10,000 x $0.50/pip
Equity
Your Equity is now $60.
Equity = Balance + Floating P/L $60 = $100 + (-$40)
Free Margin
Your Free Margin is now $0.
Free Margin = Equity - Used Margin -$0.40 = $60 - $60.40
Margin Level
Your Margin Level has decreased to 99%.
Margin Level = (Equity / Used Margin) x 100% 99% = ($60/ $60.40) x 100%
The Margin Call Level is when Margin Level is 100%.
Your Margin Level is still now below 100%!
At this point, you will receive a Margin Call, which is a WARNING.
Your positions will remain open BUT…
You will NOT be able to open new positions as long unless the Margin Level rises above 100%.
Account Metrics
This is how your account metrics would look in your trading platform:
| Long / Short | FX Pair | Position Size | Entry Price | Current Price | Margin Level | Equity | Used Margin | Free Margin | Balance | Floating P/L |
| – | $100 | – | $100 | $100 | – | |||||
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20000 | 167% | $100 | $60 | $40 | $100 | $0 |
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.2080 | 99% | $60 | $60.40 | -$0.40 | $100 | -$40 |
EUR/USD rises another 96 pips!
EUR/USD rises another 96 pips and is now trading at 1.2176.
Used Margin
With EUR/USD now trading at 1.21760 (instead of 1.20800), let’s see how much Required Margin is needed to keep the position open.
Since our trading account is denominated in USD, we need to convert the value of the EUR to USD to determine the Notional Value of the trade.
€1 = $1.21760 €1,000 x 5 micro lots = €5,000 €5,000 = $6,088
The Notional Value is $6,088.
Now we can calculate the Required Margin:
Required Margin = Notional Value x Margin Requirement $60.88 = $6,080 x .01
Notice that because the Notional Value has increased, so has the Required Margin.Since the Margin Requirement is 1%, the Required Margin will be $60.88.
Previously, the Required Margin was $60.40 (when EUR/USD was trading at 1.20800).
The Used Margin is updated to reflect changes in Required Margin for every position open.
In this example, since you only have one position open, the Used Margin will be equal to the new Required Margin.
Floating P/L
EUR/USD has now risen from 1.20000 to 1.217600, a difference of 176 pips.
Since you’re trading 5 micro lots, a 1 pip move equals $0.50.
Due to your short position, this means that you have a Floating Loss of $88.
Floating P/L = (Current Price - Entry Price) x 10,000 x $X/pip -$88 = (1.21760 - 1.20000) x 10,000 x $0.50/pip
Equity
Your Equity is now $12.
Equity = Balance + Floating P/L $12 = $100 + (-$88)
Free Margin
Your Free Margin is now –$48.88.
Free Margin = Equity - Used Margin -$48.88 = $12 - $60.88
Margin Level
Your Margin Level has decreased to 20%.
Margin Level = (Equity / Used Margin) x 100% 20% = ($12 / $60.88) x 100%
At this point, your Margin Level is now below the Stop Out Level!
Account Metrics
This is how your account metrics would look in your trading platform:
| Long / Short | FX Pair | Position Size | Entry Price | Current Price | Margin Level | Equity | Used Margin | Free Margin | Balance | Floating P/L |
| – | $100 | – | $100 | $100 | – | |||||
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20000 | 167% | $100 | $60 | $40 | $100 | $0 |
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20800 | 99% | $60 | $60.40 | -$0.40 | $100 | -$40 |
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.21760 | 20% | $12 | $60.88 | -$48.88 | $100 | -$88 |
Stop Out!
The Stop Out Level is when the Margin Level falls to 20%.
At this point, your Margin Level reached the Stop Out Level!
Your trading platform will automatically execute a Stop Out.
This means that your trade will be automatically closed at market price and two things will happen:
- Your Used Margin will be “released”.
- Your Floating Loss will be “realized”.
Your Balance will be updated to reflect the Realized Loss.
Now that your account has no open positions and is “flat”, your Free Margin, Equity, and Balance will be the same.
There is no Margin Level or Floating P/L because there are no open positions.
Let’s see how your trading account changed from start to finish.
| Long / Short | FX Pair | Position Size | Entry Price | Current Price | Margin Level | Equity | Used Margin | Free Margin | Balance | Floating P/L |
| – | $100 | – | $10,000 | $100 | – | |||||
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20000 | 167% | $100 | $60 | $40 | $100 | $0 |
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.20800 | 99% | $60 | $60.40 | -$0.40 | $100 | -$40 |
| Short | EUR/USD | 5,000 | 1.20000 | 1.21760 | 20% | $12 | $60.88 | -$48.88 | $100 | -$88 |
| – | $12 | – | $12 | $12 | – |
Before the trade, you had $100 in cash.
Now after just a SINGLE TRADE, you’re left with $12!
Not even enough to pay for one month of Netflix!
You’ve lost 88% of your capital.
% Gain/Loss = ((Ending Balance - Starting Balance) / Starting Balance) x 100% -88% = (($12 - $100) / $100) x 100%
And with EUR/USD moving just 176 pips!
Moving 176 pips is nothing. EUR/USD can easily move that much in a day or two. (See real-time EUR/USD volatility on MarketMilk™)
Since your account balance is too low to open any new trades, your trading account is pretty much dead.